| 제목 |
Visual assessment of Healthy Infants Under 24-months Using PreViAs Questionnaire |
| 소속 |
Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine1, Areumdri Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics2 |
| 저자 |
Jungjae Lee1*, Hae yeon Park1, Kyung Eun Nam1, Eunhee Kim2, Joo Hyun Park1† |
Visual difficulties in infancy is not limited to ophthalmologic problems such as visual field loss and visual acuity. It has been known that cortical visual impairment is involved in visual behaviors. Early visual approach willhelp screen high-risk infant and predict their neurological and cognitive development, including visual impairment.
The Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) questionnaire designed by V. Pueyo et. al, is a useful tool for assessing visual integrative functions in infants under 24 months either healthy children or outside the range of normality. PreViAs questionnaire is easily performed by primary caregiver. All 30 questions can be answered within a short period of time, and each item is related to one or more of four domains(visual attention, visual communication, visual–motor coordination, and visual processing).(Table 1).
This tool was developed in Spanish and validated on a Spanish speaking population. Normal references in full term infants were obtained by the authors and internal consistency was verified. But there are yet no reports of normal reference data in Korea. We collected normative data in healthy infants without known visual symptoms.
The Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) questionnaire were administered to full term infants who visited a local pediatric clinic for under 24 months. The caregivers of 97 patients have completed the questionnaire. None of the children had brain MRI assessments, and one child with brain sonography was normal. The age of infants were divided into 6 groups: birth to 3.99 months, 4 to 7.99 months, 8 to 11.99 months, 12 to 15.99 months, 16 to 19.99 months, 20 to 23.99 months(Fig. 1).
Each domains were added up by items corresponding to each visual function. The average scores for each domain were shown.(Table 2).
The PreViAs questionnaire is a simple and useful tool for assessing the visual performance. This normal reference data will be the basis of further studies for high-risk infants including premature babies with cortical visual impairment.
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Table 1. The Preverbal Visual Assessment (PreViAs) questionnaire
Table 2. The mean scores of each visual domain for each age group.
Fig 1. Distribution of the infant age groups.
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